A tool for those who work with at-risk communities, either in development or relief. It is a series of participatory learning activities intended to increase understanding about community risk and vulnerability, and strengthen the training capacities of those involved in community-based disaster management. "Reducing Risk" is based on four assumptions. Firstly, it assumes that risk reduction effects are more effective and sustainable if they are linked with or integrated into existing community-based service. Secondly, it assumes that the relationships between agencies involved in disaster mitigation and communities at risk should be those of active partnership. Thirdly, it assumes that emergency operations are opportunities for promoting prevention, mitigation, preparedness and recovery - as well as relief. Lastly, because in Southern Africa, the greatest impact of recurrent threats falls on women, it assumes that disaster-related initiatives must consider gender, as well as actively involve women in their design and implementation.